자주 묻는 질문

This page collects answers to commonly asked questions about Federated Learning with Flower.

Can Flower run on Jupyter Notebooks / Google Colab?

Yes, it can! Flower even comes with a few under-the-hood optimizations to make it work even better on Colab. Here’s a quickstart example:

• Flower 30-minute tutorial

How can I run Federated Learning on a Raspberry Pi?

Find the blog post about federated learning on embedded device here and the corresponding GitHub code example.

Does Flower support federated learning on Android devices?

Yes, it does. Please take a look at our blog post or check out the code examples:

• Android Kotlin example

• Android Java example

Can I combine federated learning with blockchain?

Yes, of course. A list of available examples using Flower within a blockchain environment is available here:

• FLock: A Decentralised AI Training Platform.

  • Contribute to on-chain training the model and earn rewards.

  • Local blockchain with federated learning simulation.

• Flower meets Nevermined GitHub Repository.

• Flower meets Nevermined YouTube video.

• Flower meets KOSMoS.

• Flower meets Talan blog post .

• Flower meets Talan GitHub Repository .

I see unexpected terminal output (e.g.: � □[32m□[1m) on Windows. How do I fix this?

If you see output (ANSI escape sequences or broken emojis) like this:

• � □[32m□[1m

• □[0m□[96m□[1m

• �

this is usually a terminal host issue. Make sure you have installed the latest Windows Terminal application (Microsoft’s terminal app), and then run Flower commands there.

To quickly check whether your current PowerShell session is running in Windows Terminal:

echo $env:WT_SESSION

If this prints a value (for example, b4c5f2c8-...), you are in Windows Terminal. If it prints nothing, you are likely running in a non-Windows-Terminal host (for example, conhost), which can show raw ANSI escape codes or incorrect emoji rendering.